Analysis of Josuha Zeita´s Flapper A Madcap Story of Sex,...

The flapper was the harbinger of a radical change in American culture. She was a product of social and political forces that assembled after the First World War. Modernization adjusted the American life. Flapper: A Madcap Story of Sex, Style, Celebrity, and the Women Who Made America Modern by Joshua Zeitz analyzes the people who created the image of the flapper. This work is an incorporation of narrative, statistics, and scholarly work that provide a distinct insight on the â€Å"New Woman.† Joshua Zeitz asserts the flapper was not a dramatic change from traditional American values but reflected the â€Å"modern† decade under mass media, celebrity, and consumerism. Flappers were the â€Å"New Woman,† asserting her right to dance, date, smoke, drink†¦show more content†¦Technology brought the â€Å"ready-to-wear revolution† to the people. The spinning jenny and the power loom makes mass production of clothing effortless. Various clothing and sizes were now available to everyone. The value of clothing and jewelry declined due to overproduction. Advancing technology compelled consumerism. People focused on buying products outside the boundaries of their salary. The introduction of credit allowed any person to buy an automobile. Living in the countryside did not appear to be comfortable compared to living in the city. Credit allowed farm families to purchase clothing. This tempted the American people to purchase more. Coco Chanel brought standardization to the clothing industry by bridging urban and rural. Credit also gave the American people a sense of wealth and independence. Women wanted to â€Å"assert their right to m ake a personal choice.† Personal choices include the right to purchase clothing or jewelry. Having a job or moving to the city is also a personal choice. The job does not define the person but the particular item or activities are the determinants. Advertising influences the population to buy more products. Expanding communication provides additional emphasis in mass media. F. Scott Fitzgerald commences the image of the flapper by writing novels and short stories. This

Nature Vs Nurture Nature And Nurture - 1821 Words

Nature and nurture are usually seen as very different things, but they are actually somewhat similar and even integrated. There is a huge debate over which holds more influence over how people develop and whether they behave based on genes or their environment. In Sincero’s article Nature and Nurture Debate she discusses arguments for both sides, saying behavior may be completely in a person’s genes, or it could come from experience and influence. Many people believe â€Å"that the criminal acts, tendency to divorce and aggressive behavior causing abuse can be justified by the ‘behavioral genes’† (Sincero). These genes are said to be the reason that people behave as they do and one cannot help their own actions. Other arguments suggest â€Å"that genetic influence over abstract traits may exist; however, the environmental factors are the real origins of our behavior. This includes the use of conditioning in order to induce a new behavior to a child, or alter an unlikely behavior being shown by the child† (Sincero). Environment is a key role in determining how a person is developed, even if genes lay the foundation for personality. However, not only are both very important in influencing behavior, but they also incorporate each other, as part of natural instinct is to prosper and grow, which includes nurturing and protecting others. The importance of nature and nurture in the development of a person as well as their importance within each other contribute to many different situationsShow MoreRelatedNature Vs Nurture : Nature And Nurture1821 Words   |  8 PagesNature and nurture are usually seen as very different things, but they are actually somewhat similar and even integrated. There is a huge debate over which holds more influence over how people develop and whether they behave based on genes or their environment. In Sincero’s article Nature and Nurture Debate she discusses arguments for both sides, saying beh avior may be completely in a person’s genes, or it could come from experience and influence. Many people believe â€Å"that the criminal acts, tendencyRead MoreNature Vs Nurture : Nature Or Nurture874 Words   |  4 Pages Nature or Nurture. Nature may be all of the genes and hereditary factors with which influence them to become who they are such as physical appearances and personality characteristics. Nurturing impacts people’s lives as well as how they are raised and all the environmental factors. In combination, these qualities can be the true identity of oneself. Many people may argue that nurture appears to a play huge factor in the two, but others may think otherwise. Not having both as a characteristic canRead MoreNature And Nurture : Nature Vs. Nurture1780 Words   |  8 PagesAs Nature Made Him: Nature vs. Nurture Human behavior is determined by both biological and environmental factors. Psychologists are interested in learning which of these factors is a greater influence on human behavior and identity. Although psychologists today generally agree that both nature and nurture play a role in conditioning behavior, there is still disagreement about the part that each of the factors have in determining behavior. The nature versus nurture debate focuses around the extentRead MoreNature Vs Nurture : Is The Nature Or Nurture?1300 Words   |  6 PagesAoS 3: Student Directed Research Investigation Unit 1 Psychology - Megan Rodrigues RESEARCH QUESTION How is the nature vs nurture debate related to a consideration of the mental disorder, schizophrenia? INTRODUCTION Schizophrenia is categorized by thoughts or experiences that seem abnormal with reality, disorganized speech or behaviour and decreased participation in regular daily activities. Difficulty with memory and concentration are sometimes also present. The two hit hypothesis generally refersRead MoreNature Vs. Nurture : Nurture1405 Words   |  6 PagesDecember 2015 Nature vs. Nurture Very few people know that the nature vs. nurture debate actually began early on with famous Greek philosophers such as Plato and Descartes. These two theorized that certain things were inborn and occurred naturally regardless of environmental factors (Cherry 1). Most people began to witness this debate in 1896 when the phrase â€Å"Nature vs. Nurture† was coined by English polymath, Francis Galton (â€Å"Nature vs. Nurture†Origins 1). At this point the nature vs. nurture debate grewRead MoreNature Vs. Nurture : Nurture901 Words   |  4 Pagestime the proverbial nature vs. nurture question has sparked quite a debate. I hold the belief that nature vs. nurture is a zero-sum game. We essentially enter this existence, a lump of clay that needs molding in order to take form. So, I believe my creative abilities can be attributed to the sum of our genetic predisposition, the nurture of our mind, and the dynamic of both nature and nurture, with nurture being the predominant influencing factor. In psychology, nature refers to the inheritedRead MoreNature Vs. Nurture : Nature Versus Nurture1337 Words   |  6 PagesNature vs. Nurture There are many different ways that behavior can be explained, especially on the terms of nature vs. nurture. Aggression is a behavior that has been extensively analyzed in a complex manner and the causes of it can be explained many different ways. Aggression can be defined as hostile or destructive behavior that can cause injury or destructive outlook especially when caused by frustration. Nature can be defined as aspects of behavior that have been inherited or are genetic, whileRead MoreNature Vs Nurture And Nurture1777 Words   |  8 Pagesformed and cultivated through nature or nurture. This psychological anomaly is why I am writing this paper. Ever since I have enrolled in, and taken, a psychology class during my junior year, I have questioned whether every little emotion and action is because of nature or nurture. No topic is more widely explored and researched than morality. It cannot be scientifically or psychologically proven or tested, making any claim highly controversial . This idea, of nature vs nurture, that I had previously researchedRead MoreNature Vs. Nurture : Nature Versus Nurture Essay1939 Words   |  8 PagesNature versus Nurture You got your dark brown hair from your father and you got your looks from your mother, but where did you get your excitement for sports and your love for all animals? A person’s physical characteristics lean more towards genes and heredity, but our genes are not mentioned as much when behavior is the topic. This is how the nature versus nurture debate first began. Scientists who believe in the nature theory believe that people behave the way they do due to heredity and genesRead MoreNature Vs Nurture : Nature Versus Nurture882 Words   |  4 Pagestheir parents. Meaning they think Nature is a big part in their life and why they are who they are. The genes in each cell in us humans determine the different traits that we have, more dominantly on the physical connections like eye color, hair color, ear size, height, and other traits. However, it is still not known whether the more abstract attributes like personality, intelligence, sexual orientation, likes and dislikes are gen e-coded in our DNA. The nurture theory has experiments showing a child’s

Work harrastment Free Essays

In this article It talks about work harassment. Safe working environment Is very Important to achieve strong Industrial relationship and productive. To achieve such a working environment, it is important to ensure that the workplace is free from all forms of discrimination, including harassment. We will write a custom essay sample on Work harrastment or any similar topic only for you Order Now Everyone in the workplace can be very vulnerable to various forms of harassment, including sexual harassment and intimidation. Any and all forms of harassment in the workplace will be detrimental to all parties. For workers, It can lead to deterioration of performance, which in turn oppresses the level of productivity and affect the welfare of all workers and their families. Employee turnover rate Increases and low productivity have the potential to affect the economic competitiveness of the factories concerned. Harassment in garment factories has been highlighted as raising concerns by international activists and appears on the main headlines in the international media. Violations as well as rumors about various issues of workplace harassment can have a serious impact on the relationship between plant and International buyers are aware of the reputation. That Is what concerns us together to create a positive working environment through the prevention of workplace harassment. Nevertheless, reports of harassment in the workplace remains scattered wide. In particular, many cases of workplace harassment that seems to happen in the garment industry. This is probably caused by a variety of reasons, such as the presence of the number of young working women in large numbers, the inexperienced, and come from rural areas under the supervision of a small number men, high levels of production pressure and disciplinary practices nuanced violence. There are several ways to prevent sexual reassessment in the work place, such as: 1 . Communication: colonization of the guidelines through, for example, Bipartite Cooperation, Tripartite Cooperation Institution, and a variety of print and electronic media 2. Education: organizing orientation programs and the introduction of the staff, religious lectures, or special events such as events that have been programmed. 3. Training: provide specific training for supervisors and managers to recognize the problems that exist In the workplace and develop a diverse strategy for prevention: establish Harassment Settlement Response Team. 4. Encourage companies to implement workplace reassessment prevention, 5. Including taking disciplinary action in the form of: Company Policies Employment Agreements / Company / Collective Bargaining Agreement Dissemination of policies and mechanisms preventing harassment to all employees and supervisors are important. In order to meet all the need for communication, the employer must establish a program in which employees and supervisors can get educated about abuse. So in the end, all parties must have a heightened awareness of sharing how to create a productive work environment that Is free from harassment. The central government and local governments should ensure that all many policies regarding harassment for large, medium, small and accessible and available to all employers. In the meantime, employers should provide information about abuse in orientation programs, as well as education and training for workers. The union should also include information about harassment in educational programs and training for its members. Article 2 Article two is talking about Corporate Social Responsibility, it states clearly in the title of the article. CARS or corporate social responsibility recently becomes a prominent issue among national and multinational business. The program is intended as the company’s efforts to participate in the process of sustainable development in which there is expected to be a balance between the company and the social environment in the place or society it operates. Social and environmental issues are considered so seriously that causes urge to the international world for corporate social responsibility. Examples responsibilities can be furious, ranging from activities that can improve the welfare of society and the improvement of the environment, provision of scholarships for children that not able to pay for school, the provision of ends for the maintenance of public facilities, donations to the village / community facilities that are social and useful for many people, especially people who are around the company is located. Corporate Social Responsibility (CARS) is the phenomenon of corporate strategies that accommodate the needs and interests of its stakeholders. CARS arises from the era in which awareness of the long-term sustainability of the company is more important than profitability. From the article I can say that in today’s world, Corporate Social Responsibility is very important to the company. In the article it says that â€Å"Research conducted by Cone Millennial Cause group, detailed in The 2020 Workplace found that 80% of a sample of 1,800 13-25 year olds wanted to work for a company that cares about how it impacts and contributes to society. More than half said they would refuse to work for an irresponsible corporation. What’s more, according to research conducted in The 2020 Workplace, by the year 2020, Millennial will be 50% of the workforce. † This Corporate Social Responsibility can be advantages value for the company, they can easily persuade more good employees to work with the company, also they can easily locate ND people will feel no worry about their home’s environment when the company operates. The company can use the media boom to communicate their CARS efforts to the society. However, CARS becomes a common practice among companies that nowadays people pay less attention to it. There are some tips that companies can do in order to implement CARS effectively. Use CARS to boost employee engagement is the first tip, Implementing Corporate Social Responsibility (CARS) is important to either requiting new employees and maintaining the existing workers in the company, ninety six percent (96%) of the employees agreed that being able to contribute to a cause while employee is work improve employee’s commitment and level of engagement to employee’s core Job function and to the company. The second tip will be to utilize CARS as a medium to enhance global aptitudes. In the company, engagement can make employees more happy and productive, but in the research, employee’s contribution to Corporate Social Responsibility (CARS) teaches workers valuable new skills that they bring back to their regular roles for the company, which gives company more benefits. Maximize company’s investment in CARS by leveraging all forms of social media will be last tip, today’s Corporate Social Responsibility (CARS) s no longer corporate philanthropy but it is strategic investment for the organization and it needs to be communicated with all company’s stakeholders such as investors, employees, and customers. CARS must become part of company’s recruitment strategy to attract top talent. Article 3 In the article 3, it talks about employee abuse, in American employee abuse percentage is rising from time to time, no longer are workers respected and treated as human beings. Even those most educated and skilled are treated in the bad way. Quite surprising that twenty percent of the employees admit that they work actually bootable by their manager, bullying in the work place begins to be a common and thirty seven percent of the worker have experienced it. Over 50% of employers admitted to incidents of workplace bullying with 25% of all HER employees admitting to being bullied themselves. What more surprising is, research finds that are more technically skilled than their bullies, Bully bosses steal credit from skilled targets. Policy to prevent workplace violence: 1 . Zero tolerance The company follows a policy of zero tolerance for violence. If workers do any form of workplace violence, or threatening violence in the workplace, then workers can immediately dismissed. There is no tolerance for talk of violence or Joking about violence. Violence† includes physically hurt on someone, pressing, pushing, harass, intimidate, coerce, brandishing weapons, and threatening or told to do all the activities mentioned above. The purpose of this policy is to ensure that anyone associated with this business, including employees and customers, never felt threatened by actions or deeds any employee. 2. Safety measures in the workplace In an eff ort to meet the commitment to create a safe working environment for employees, customers and visitors, there are some simple rules that have been published. The rules are: Access to the property is restricted only to those companies who have a legitimate business interest. All employees and employee vehicles entering the property must show company identification. All visitors and vehicles and visitors must report to show identification while on the property. 3. All weapons are prohibited Company specifically prohibits the mastery of weapons by any employee while on company property. This ban includes keeping or carrying a weapon in a vehicle in the parking lot, both public and private parking. Employees are also prohibited from arraying weapons while providing services to companies outside of the building and the company page. Weapon in question including firearms, knives, explosives, and other objects that could potentially cause harm. Appropriate disciplinary action, up to and including termination, will be taken against employees who violate this policy. 4. Report abuse Prevent violence in the workplace is everyone’s business in the workplace. You can help report what you see in the workplace that could indicate that your teammates are in trouble. You are in a better position than management in terms of knowing hat happens to those who work with you. 5. Examination Desks, phones, and computers are the business property. We reserve the right to enter or inspect your work environment, including but not limited to, desks and computer data storage disks, with or without notice. Fax machine, copier, and a system of correspondence, including email, only intended for business use. Private business should not be run through the system. How to cite Work harrastment, Papers

Everyday Use Alice Walker Essay Example For Students

Everyday Use Alice Walker Essay The short story  «Everyday Use » is central in Alice Walkers writing, particularly as it represents her response to the concept of heritage as expressed by the Black political movements of the 60s.  «Everyday Use » is found in Alice Walkers collection of short stories, In Love and Trouble, which was published in 1973 (Walker 73). This was in the prime of the Black Power ideologies when  «Black was beautiful », the Afro hairstyle was in fashion and Blacks were seeking their cultural roots in Africa, without knowing too much about the continent or the routes of the Atlantic Slave Trade (Williams 45). I believe Dee has joined the movement of the Cultural Nationalism. The Cultural Nationalists emphasized the development of black art and culture to further black liberation, but were not militantly political, like, for example, the Black Panthers (Macedo 230). The ideas of the Cultural Nationalists often resulted in the vulgarization of black culture, exemplified in the wearing of robes, sandals, hairspray  «natural » style, etc (Cultural Nationalism 1-2). The central theme of the story concerns the way which an individual understands their present life in relation to the traditions of their people and culture. Dee tells her mother and Maggie that they do not understand their â€Å"heritage,† because they plan to put â€Å"priceless† heirloom quilts to â€Å"everyday use† (Walker 78). The story makes clear that Dee is equally confused about the nature of her inheritance both from her immediate family and from the larger black tradition. The matter of Dee’s name provides a good example of this confusion. Evidently, Dee has chosen her new name (†Wangero Leewanika Kemanjo†) to express solidarity with her African ancestors and to reject the oppression implied by the taking on of American names by black slaves. To her mother, the name â€Å"Dee† is symbolic of family unity; after all, she can trace it back to the time of the Civil War. To the mother, these names are significant because they belong to particular beloved individuals (Joy in a Common Setting 1). Dee’s confusion about the meaning of her heritage also emerges in her attitude toward the quilts and other household items. While she now rejects the names of her immediate ancestors, she eagerly values their old handmade goods, such as the hand-carved benches made for the table when the family could not afford to buy chairs. To Dee, artifacts such as the benches or the quilts are strictly aesthetic objects. It never occurs to her that they, too, are symbols of oppression. Her family made these things because they could not afford to buy them. Her admiration for them now seems to reflect a cultural trend toward valuing handmade objects, rather than any sincere interest in her â€Å"heritage. † After all, when she was offered a quilt before she went away to college, she rejected it as â€Å"old-fashioned, out of style (Joy in a Common Setting 1). Yet, a careful reading of the story will show that Dee is not the only one confused about the heritage of the black woman in the rural South. Although the mother and Maggie are skeptical of Dee, they recognize the limitations of their own lives. The mother has only a second-grade education and admits that she cannot imagine looking a strange white man in the eye. Maggie â€Å"knows she is not bright† and walks with a sidelong shuffle. Although their dispositions lead them to make the best of their lives, they admire Dee’s fierce pride even as they feel the force of her scorn (Walker 75). As Dee is rejected of the quilts, she storms out of the house without a word. As I read this, the question of why Dee only comes in order to get some of the family heirlooms and bring back with her Hakim-a-barber. Not only does she want the quilts, but she also wants Grandma Dee’s butter dish and Uncle Buddy’s churn. Dee does not come to see the house, Mama, or Maggie. When Dee leaves, she does not say good-bye, but exits without a word. This is another insult to her family. By leaving without saying anything she is reinforcing all her action proved earlier in the story. .u5c7104bff2c7209f1a158e34301596c2 , .u5c7104bff2c7209f1a158e34301596c2 .postImageUrl , .u5c7104bff2c7209f1a158e34301596c2 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u5c7104bff2c7209f1a158e34301596c2 , .u5c7104bff2c7209f1a158e34301596c2:hover , .u5c7104bff2c7209f1a158e34301596c2:visited , .u5c7104bff2c7209f1a158e34301596c2:active { border:0!important; } .u5c7104bff2c7209f1a158e34301596c2 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u5c7104bff2c7209f1a158e34301596c2 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u5c7104bff2c7209f1a158e34301596c2:active , .u5c7104bff2c7209f1a158e34301596c2:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u5c7104bff2c7209f1a158e34301596c2 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u5c7104bff2c7209f1a158e34301596c2 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u5c7104bff2c7209f1a158e34301596c2 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u5c7104bff2c7209f1a158e34301596c2 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u5c7104bff2c7209f1a158e34301596c2:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u5c7104bff2c7209f1a158e34301596c2 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u5c7104bff2c7209f1a158e34301596c2 .u5c7104bff2c7209f1a158e34301596c2-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u5c7104bff2c7209f1a158e34301596c2:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Teen Suicide (sociological) EssayIt is ironic when Dee states to her mama at the end of the story that, â€Å"You just don’t understand. † â€Å"What don’t I understand† Mama asks. Dee responds, â€Å"Your heritage. † Dee really thinks that she is more cultured than her family. She may be a rounder person, with more knowledge about different cultures and religions that she has learned in school, but she does not know as much of the family heritage as she thinks she does. Mama and Maggie, who are both less educated, know a great deal more about the family. At first glance one may perceive Dee to be more cultured about her family heritage, but with deeper examination one can see how what she does goes against and insult of her family and culture. Dee follows the fashion, and right now it is in to celebrate the distant African roots. She has discarded her given name, Dee because as she says: â€Å"I couldn’t bear it any longer, being named after the people who oppress me†(Walker 76). She fails to understand that the name, Dee, also goes back several generations on the American continent and therefore is more part of her heritage than an adopted African name which does not even make sense. The grandmother (sic! ) in Everyday Use is amazed that Dee would give up her name for the name Wangero. For Dee was the name of her great-grandmother, a woman who had kept her family together against all odds. Wangero might have sounded authentically African but it had no relationship to a person she knew, nor to the personal history that sustained her. (p 14). In addition to the skillful use of point of view, â€Å"Everyday Use† is enriched by Alice Walker’s development of symbols. In particular, the contested quilts become symbolic of the story’s theme; in a sense, they represent the past of the women in the family. Worked on by two generations, they contain bits of fabric from even earlier eras, including a scrap of a Civil War uniform worn by Great Grandpa Ezra. The debate over how the quilts should be treated–used or hung on the wall–summarizes the black woman’s dilemma about how to face the future Williams (40-45). Can her life be seen as continuous with that of her ancestors For Maggie, the answer is yes. Not only will she use the quilts, but also she will go on making more–she has learned the skill from Grandma Dee. For Dee, at least for the present, the answer is no. She would frame the quilts and hang them on the wall, distancing them from her present life and aspirations; to put them to everyday use would be to admit her status as a member of her old-fashioned family. Dee, like many of us, spent her whole life building an intricate image to show to the world, constantly tweaking and fixing the details, until she fit into the role of the person she wanted to be. However, it was when she ventured from the true roots of her family that she began adopting a culture and set of beliefs that were never hers to begin with. Still, it can be said that her intentions were generally good, as she was only trying to find her place to fit into the world. If she had only learned to take pride in the surroundings she was given, Dee could have found a greater amount of contentment within herself and her family (Macedo 85). Taken as a whole, while the story clearly endorses the commonsense perspective of Dee’s mother over Dee’s affectations, it does not disdain Dee’s struggle to move beyond the limited world of her youth. Clearly, however, she has not yet arrived at a stage of self-understanding. Her mother and sister are ahead of her in that respect.

Everyday Use Alice Walker Essay Example For Students

Everyday Use Alice Walker Essay The short story  «Everyday Use » is central in Alice Walkers writing, particularly as it represents her response to the concept of heritage as expressed by the Black political movements of the 60s.  «Everyday Use » is found in Alice Walkers collection of short stories, In Love and Trouble, which was published in 1973 (Walker 73). This was in the prime of the Black Power ideologies when  «Black was beautiful », the Afro hairstyle was in fashion and Blacks were seeking their cultural roots in Africa, without knowing too much about the continent or the routes of the Atlantic Slave Trade (Williams 45). I believe Dee has joined the movement of the Cultural Nationalism. The Cultural Nationalists emphasized the development of black art and culture to further black liberation, but were not militantly political, like, for example, the Black Panthers (Macedo 230). The ideas of the Cultural Nationalists often resulted in the vulgarization of black culture, exemplified in the wearing of robes, sandals, hairspray  «natural » style, etc (Cultural Nationalism 1-2). The central theme of the story concerns the way which an individual understands their present life in relation to the traditions of their people and culture. Dee tells her mother and Maggie that they do not understand their â€Å"heritage,† because they plan to put â€Å"priceless† heirloom quilts to â€Å"everyday use† (Walker 78). The story makes clear that Dee is equally confused about the nature of her inheritance both from her immediate family and from the larger black tradition. The matter of Dee’s name provides a good example of this confusion. Evidently, Dee has chosen her new name (†Wangero Leewanika Kemanjo†) to express solidarity with her African ancestors and to reject the oppression implied by the taking on of American names by black slaves. To her mother, the name â€Å"Dee† is symbolic of family unity; after all, she can trace it back to the time of the Civil War. To the mother, these names are significant because they belong to particular beloved individuals (Joy in a Common Setting 1). Dee’s confusion about the meaning of her heritage also emerges in her attitude toward the quilts and other household items. While she now rejects the names of her immediate ancestors, she eagerly values their old handmade goods, such as the hand-carved benches made for the table when the family could not afford to buy chairs. To Dee, artifacts such as the benches or the quilts are strictly aesthetic objects. It never occurs to her that they, too, are symbols of oppression. Her family made these things because they could not afford to buy them. Her admiration for them now seems to reflect a cultural trend toward valuing handmade objects, rather than any sincere interest in her â€Å"heritage. † After all, when she was offered a quilt before she went away to college, she rejected it as â€Å"old-fashioned, out of style (Joy in a Common Setting 1). Yet, a careful reading of the story will show that Dee is not the only one confused about the heritage of the black woman in the rural South. Although the mother and Maggie are skeptical of Dee, they recognize the limitations of their own lives. The mother has only a second-grade education and admits that she cannot imagine looking a strange white man in the eye. Maggie â€Å"knows she is not bright† and walks with a sidelong shuffle. Although their dispositions lead them to make the best of their lives, they admire Dee’s fierce pride even as they feel the force of her scorn (Walker 75). As Dee is rejected of the quilts, she storms out of the house without a word. As I read this, the question of why Dee only comes in order to get some of the family heirlooms and bring back with her Hakim-a-barber. Not only does she want the quilts, but she also wants Grandma Dee’s butter dish and Uncle Buddy’s churn. Dee does not come to see the house, Mama, or Maggie. When Dee leaves, she does not say good-bye, but exits without a word. This is another insult to her family. By leaving without saying anything she is reinforcing all her action proved earlier in the story. .u5c7104bff2c7209f1a158e34301596c2 , .u5c7104bff2c7209f1a158e34301596c2 .postImageUrl , .u5c7104bff2c7209f1a158e34301596c2 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u5c7104bff2c7209f1a158e34301596c2 , .u5c7104bff2c7209f1a158e34301596c2:hover , .u5c7104bff2c7209f1a158e34301596c2:visited , .u5c7104bff2c7209f1a158e34301596c2:active { border:0!important; } .u5c7104bff2c7209f1a158e34301596c2 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u5c7104bff2c7209f1a158e34301596c2 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u5c7104bff2c7209f1a158e34301596c2:active , .u5c7104bff2c7209f1a158e34301596c2:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u5c7104bff2c7209f1a158e34301596c2 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u5c7104bff2c7209f1a158e34301596c2 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u5c7104bff2c7209f1a158e34301596c2 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u5c7104bff2c7209f1a158e34301596c2 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u5c7104bff2c7209f1a158e34301596c2:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u5c7104bff2c7209f1a158e34301596c2 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u5c7104bff2c7209f1a158e34301596c2 .u5c7104bff2c7209f1a158e34301596c2-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u5c7104bff2c7209f1a158e34301596c2:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Teen Suicide (sociological) EssayIt is ironic when Dee states to her mama at the end of the story that, â€Å"You just don’t understand. † â€Å"What don’t I understand† Mama asks. Dee responds, â€Å"Your heritage. † Dee really thinks that she is more cultured than her family. She may be a rounder person, with more knowledge about different cultures and religions that she has learned in school, but she does not know as much of the family heritage as she thinks she does. Mama and Maggie, who are both less educated, know a great deal more about the family. At first glance one may perceive Dee to be more cultured about her family heritage, but with deeper examination one can see how what she does goes against and insult of her family and culture. Dee follows the fashion, and right now it is in to celebrate the distant African roots. She has discarded her given name, Dee because as she says: â€Å"I couldn’t bear it any longer, being named after the people who oppress me†(Walker 76). She fails to understand that the name, Dee, also goes back several generations on the American continent and therefore is more part of her heritage than an adopted African name which does not even make sense. The grandmother (sic! ) in Everyday Use is amazed that Dee would give up her name for the name Wangero. For Dee was the name of her great-grandmother, a woman who had kept her family together against all odds. Wangero might have sounded authentically African but it had no relationship to a person she knew, nor to the personal history that sustained her. (p 14). In addition to the skillful use of point of view, â€Å"Everyday Use† is enriched by Alice Walker’s development of symbols. In particular, the contested quilts become symbolic of the story’s theme; in a sense, they represent the past of the women in the family. Worked on by two generations, they contain bits of fabric from even earlier eras, including a scrap of a Civil War uniform worn by Great Grandpa Ezra. The debate over how the quilts should be treated–used or hung on the wall–summarizes the black woman’s dilemma about how to face the future Williams (40-45). Can her life be seen as continuous with that of her ancestors For Maggie, the answer is yes. Not only will she use the quilts, but also she will go on making more–she has learned the skill from Grandma Dee. For Dee, at least for the present, the answer is no. She would frame the quilts and hang them on the wall, distancing them from her present life and aspirations; to put them to everyday use would be to admit her status as a member of her old-fashioned family. Dee, like many of us, spent her whole life building an intricate image to show to the world, constantly tweaking and fixing the details, until she fit into the role of the person she wanted to be. However, it was when she ventured from the true roots of her family that she began adopting a culture and set of beliefs that were never hers to begin with. Still, it can be said that her intentions were generally good, as she was only trying to find her place to fit into the world. If she had only learned to take pride in the surroundings she was given, Dee could have found a greater amount of contentment within herself and her family (Macedo 85). Taken as a whole, while the story clearly endorses the commonsense perspective of Dee’s mother over Dee’s affectations, it does not disdain Dee’s struggle to move beyond the limited world of her youth. Clearly, however, she has not yet arrived at a stage of self-understanding. Her mother and sister are ahead of her in that respect.

5 Ways To Overcome Your Assignment Writing Problems

Students should know academic writing is different from content writing. You have to follow specific writing style, sentence structure and referencing while writing essays, research papers or assignments. Writing specialists of best Assignment writing services advice students to be very careful about the spelling, grammar and punctuation mistakes while writing an essay. They also guide students about different tactics to overcome assignment writing problems. Some of them we are discussing below: Start with gathering facts about the topic: Everyone didn’t have good writing skills that’s why students can hire Professional writing services to get some help in their daily assignments. They will charge you some affordable amount and provide you very high quality assignments or essay without any grammatical or punctuation mistakes. But if you are writing essays by yourself, then you can get some tips from the online expert writers. Simply start writing an essay with some initial research about the topic that will give you a better idea about main idea you are going to discuss in the essay. Start with gathering facts about the topic: Everyone didn’t have good writing skills that’s why students can hire Professional writing services to get some help in their daily assignments. They will charge you some affordable amount and provide you very high quality assignments or essay without any grammatical or punctuation mistakes. But if you are writing essays by yourself, then you can get some tips from the online expert writers. Simply start writing an essay with some initial research about the topic that will give you a better idea about main idea you are going to discuss in the essay. Assignment help services suggest students’ trick tofind out authentic information or data. And ask students to use Google scholar, websites, articles, online networking locales and blogs to get authentic and reliable data. After gathering all the information now you have to start writing an essay. It will save your time and help you to write the essay in flow with any disturbance of searching data again and again. Do initial research and prepare an outline: Before you start writing an assignment, it’s better to analyses all the important points that you have to discuss in the essay. This trick will help you to include essential facts in your discussion and prevent skipping any information. Most scholars from Assignment writing services suggests students to make draft or outline before you start writing an essay. That will help you to include all the details in your content and make it reliable and authentic. Still, if you don’t understand anything, then prefer to consult experts of paper writing service like . Practice to manage time in essay writing: Another way that you can opt to overcome your assignment writing problems is time administration. Students should know how they have to manage time and divide it equally amongst research and writing. This will really help them to score high grades in the tests or exams and enable them to produce high quality content in short span of time. According to experts of Assignment help services most students have a habit of procrastination and they prefer to delay assignments until the last day of submission. And then in the last hour they write low quality content which results in poor grades. Students who actually want to score good marks in exams or assignments should know how they have to manage the time properly. Or else you can also hire expert writers of Professional writing services they will ensure timely submission of assignments. Strive for perfection in assignment writing: While writing assignments, remember that practice makes a man perfect. Its not important that to submit perfect first assignment. Infect continuous writing will help you to become perfect in your writing and enable you to produce high quality content. Yes, it has become easy to hire professional paper writing service to get the highest quality content for your assignments, essay, tests or research paper. They will definitely assist you how to strive for perfection in your academic content. And enable you to score good marks in your assignments or tests. Keep in mind that you have to work on your writing skills because its not about assignment writing only later in your professional career it will be included in your job requirement. So, yes, we can say that hiring Assignment writing services will be a short-term solution. Take help from friends or teachers: Every student can’t afford to pay scholars or writing specialist for their assignments. So in that case, it’s better to take help from the professors or class fellows who possess good writing skills. They will tell you tactics about how to improve your writing skills and score good grades. Or else you can also consult your teacher who had given you an assignment. It will be far better than hiring the Assignment writing services and pay them especially for people with a less affordability range.

How to use subheads - Emphasis

How to use subheads How to use subheads Its not always true that your readers will want to read everything youve written particularly if its a 300-page document. Even if youve done all you can to break it up and make it as readable as possible, the demands of time we all face may mean they can only skim it. At the risk of stating the obvious, subheads can signal to your reader what linked paragraphs are about and help them to navigate through more easily to the most relevant parts. But they should say more than just Introduction or Part 1. Make them explicit instead. So 40 years in the business is better than Our experience. Combined, they should tell the story, working as an alternative summary. This means theyll also help you to check back over your own route: did you pick the best way? Transition words (so, however, on the other hand, nevertheless, moreover, furthermore etc.) also signpost meaning to your reader, helping them to understand your points and stay with you through your changes of direction as you motor towards your conclusion. Be careful though: endless moreovers and furthermores can be tedious and wont stitch a loose collection of random thoughts into a compelling argument, no matter how many you use. Far better to plan first and work out a logical structure even before you touch your keyboard. There are more writing tips like this in our 60-page style guide, The Write Stuff. To find out more, click here. Or to get a complimentary copy, simply use our contact form and select style guide from the drop-down menu.

The Digital Age Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 56

The Digital Age - Essay Example The development of email has profoundly changed modern cultures. As recently as twenty years ago the only means of communicating with other people over great distances was through time-consuming letter writing, or expensive long distance phone calls. The advent of email has greatly shortened means of communication, allowing people to remain in contact with each other for virtually no cost overextended differences. Another major contribution to modern culture is text messaging. While text messaging does not have perhaps the large-scale implications as email, it has contributed to modern culture through allowing a less formal means of communicating. Furthermore, in developing regions where the full-scale Internet is unavailable, it has allowed farmers or laborers to receive much needed daily information and entertainment. A final significant change to modern culture has emerged through social networking. Social networking has affected modern culture by allowing individuals to remain in contact with people they otherwise would never hear from. Similarly, it has allowed people to seek out diverse groups of people with similar interests. In conclusion, this essay has examined the effects of email, texting, and social networking on modern cultures. It’s demonstrated these elements have had a significant impact on modern culture through allowing individuals new forms of communication, and breaking previous barriers to establishing relationships. While many of these technologies are viewed as a sort of past-time.

Environmental Effect of Synthetic Lubricants Term Paper

Environmental Effect of Synthetic Lubricants - Term Paper Example Though it may consider late to take up such a noble action of showing environment concern because the environmental condition is somehow in a steep situation wherein global warming continues to affect every nation, climate change renders human activity dysfunctional, rising seashore levels threatens the humankind, and increasing level of scarcity when it comes to natural resources, we cannot consider invalid the efforts made nowadays to counter these problems. The world starts to become highly industrialized. It is understood that a highly industrialized nation has a tendency to produce more wastes that inevitably affect the world. The negative effects of industrialization like environmental degradation escalate on a different level. Their technological advancements and innovations affect not just their nations but other nations as well. One thing to consider though is not all the industrialized nations are the ones to blame on this global ecological turmoil despite the fact that the ir wastes constitute the major reason for this imbalance in the biosphere. Even the not so industrialized nations still have their impacts on the global environmental problem. In viewing the world nowadays, it cannot be denied that the nations who have advanced technologies constantly develop new means to address to full-scope of the environmental problems. In industrialized nations, machinery has become very vital when it comes to production. It is even complex because despite the convenience it gives to the welfare of the country in the sustenance of its needs, there are harsher effects that they introduce on the environment that is being addressed lately. There are several efforts to counter these global problems. New lubricants have been developed. Lubricants are considered to be vital since it deals with machines. However, it cannot be avoided that lubricants, before the development of the environment-friendly ones, have posed a serious predicament since it contributed to pollu tion that greatly affected the marine, the terrestrial and the aerial biodiversity. People, at first, seem to be so doubtful about the use of these new lubricants. At the same time, most of them neglect the fact that the effects of the use of eco-friendly lubricants have contributed to the welfare of the environment and were not fully aware of the successes of the researchers and innovations made that pertain to its usage. In my years of practice in an oil company in Texas, I am able to see with my own eyes the full capacity of these newly-formulated and environment-friendly lubricants. They have yielded positive results despite certain negative implications. Based on how I have seen these outcomes, I am able to prove with certainty that the positive effects indeed outweigh the negative ones. Also, there can still be improvements which the scientist and engineers can still work on in improving further the function of these lubricants. During my stay in the oil company I work for, th ey have considered these environment-friendly lubricants to be a better choice.

CFD Assignment Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

CFD Assignment - Coursework Example Please note that the University enforces a penalty of zero percent for work submitted after the published deadline without valid extenuating circumstances (see University student handbook on the portal for details). Intended outcomes – By the end of this coursework, you should be able to: Carry out a CFD simulation using ANSYS Workbench/CFX, demonstrating ability to import geometry, produce a mesh, set up and solve a simulation and effectively post-process results. Evaluate grid-dependency of a solution and demonstrate the process of finding a grid-independent solution. Demonstrate ability to compare CFD results with published experimental data, and critically evaluate results with reference to relevant literature. Recognise capabilities and limitations of a CFD analysis in a particular application. Present results of a CFD analysis clearly and concisely, with appropriate output from CFD-Post. Aim To use ANSYS CFX to simulate the flow around a two-dimensional NACA 642-015 aero foil section at a 5o angle of attack and to assess the accuracy of the simulation. Problem specification It is important to understand the lift and drag characteristics of aerofoil sections when designing devices such as aircraft (wings and tails) or yachts (rudders and keels). Traditionally, foil theory has been used to give performance estimates, along with extensive experimental testing. More recently, CFD has become another possible option when investigating foil performance. In reality, foils exhibit three-dimensional performance, because flow around the tip of the foil affects lift and drag. However, it is useful to determine performance of a two-dimensional foil – that is one that is so long (approaching infinite length) that the effects of flow around the tip are negligible. You are going to use CFD to simulate a 2-d foil, and compare your results to those obtained experimentally in a wind tunnel, detailed in a NACA paper from 1945. Instructions You will not be writin g a formal report for this project. Instead, you will work through this document (using it as a template), adding content and answering questions as instructed. You will then submit the completed document for assessment. Note that answers/images, etc. do not have to fit into the space provided – insert extra space as necessary, but keep answers concise. Carry out the steps as follows: Carry out a basic CFD simulation (named â€Å"Run_1†) of a NACA 642-015 foil noting the following: The foil geometry has been created in SolidWorks for you – the file aerofoil_CW_2011.SLDPRT can be found on the DSGN313 Tulip site under CFD Coursework. The file Aerofoil_Instructions_2011.doc (also on the portal) explains how to modify the geometry parameters using SolidWorks. Note that it is down to you to modify dimensions to set the extents of your domain in all directions, and to set your foil chord and angle of attack – don’t just run with the dimensions given to y ou. Your simulation should be for a 5o angle of attack, and a 24 inch chord length (for comparison against the NACA experimental data). You should run your simulation at a Reynolds number of 6x106. Note that the length scale used in the Reynolds number is the chord length of the airfoil section in the model. Use ‘Water’ as the fluid and assume that the flow is incompressible, steady, isothermal and turbulent. Use the k-? turbulence model. Run_1 should be a coarse, unrefined mesh purely to get your simulation working (you

Interest Groups in Texas, US

Interest Groups in Texas, US Throughout the nation there are many different interest groups from large national interest groups to small regional interest groups, Texas is no different. There is an innumerable amount of interest groups operating in the state of Texas. The main goal of an interest group is to get a piece of legislature passed that aligns with their goals or vision. Some of the more influential interest groups in Texas are Texas NAACP and the Texas State Rifle Association. A couple of interest groups that have been underrepresented in Texas are the NARAL Pro-Choice Texas and the Texas Equity PAC. The National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NCAAP) is a national organization focused on the empowerment of colored people throughout the nation (Texas NAACP History.). NCAAP Texas is no different, they strive for the advancement of colored people. There have been many successes in Texas through the NCAAP. The NCAAP in Texas is one of the more influential interest groups due to the fact that it is also a national interest group and has far reach resources. With these resources they can reach out and receive help from anywhere in the country to battle whichever dilemma they are faced with. They have had multiple successes in the national stage as well as the local stage in Texas. The Texas Rifle Association is one more influential interest group in Texas. Founded in 1919 the TSRA is located in Austin, TX and their main goal is to support the 2nd Amendment, which is the right to bear arms (LEGISLATIVE.). They are influential due to being the only full-time firearms advocate lobbyist in Texas (LEGISLATIVE.). Some of their successes have been the open carry on campus implementation. This allows students to carry firearms on campus in the state of Texas. Also the open carry piece of legislation which allow the use of open carry in the state of Texas too effect due in part to their lobbying. There are however interest groups that are underrepresented in Texas. One of which is the Texas Equity PAC. The Texas Equity PAC is a group that advocates for the LGBT community of Texas (Texas Equity PAC.). Their main interest is to put in effect pro-equality polices and legislation through the election of pro-equality candidates. This group has not been around for very long and does not have many supporters in the state legislation. They do however endorse five officials in the state government for their pro-equality work (Texas Equity PAC.). Another underrepresented interest group in Texas is the NARAL Pro-Choice Texas interest group. They are a group that revolves around feminism and in a conservative state like Texas, they are an afterthought. Their main mission is to guarantee every Texan has the right to make personal reproductive health decision and to guarantee access to the full range of options (2017 Texas Legislature.). This interest group targets women who need abortions, and feel that this is a human right to have control over their bodies. Being in a conservative state, many of their arguments against anti-abortion legislation are defeated. This is due to many Republicans who are traditionally conservative being in political offices, and denying these appeals to overwrite legislation that takes away a womans right to decide whether or not she wants to have the baby. In conclusion, there are many national interest groups as well as interest groups in Texas. The main aspiration of an interest group is to have legislation or policies passed that positively effect their interest. There are many influential groups in Texas, a couple of them are the NCAAP Texas and the Texas Rifle Association. There are also interest groups that go underrepresented in Texas, some of these groups are the Texas Equity PAC and the NARAL Pro-Choice Texas groups. Works Cited 2017 Texas Legislature. NARAL Pro-Choice Texas. NARAL Pro-Choice Texas, n.d. Web. 05 Mar. 2017. Champagne, Anthony, and Edward J. Harpham. Governing Texas:. New York: W.W. Norton Company, 2013. Print. LEGISLATIVE. Texas State Rifle Association. TEXAS STATE RIFLE ASSOCIATION, n.d. Web. 08 Mar. 2017. Texas Equity PAC. Texas Equity PAC. Texas Equity PAC, n.d. Web. 08 Mar. 2017. Texas NAACP History. Texas State Conference of NAACP Units. N.p., n.d. Web. 05 Mar. 2017.

Analysis of A Raisin in the Sun Essay -- Krannert

"A Raisin in the Sun" Analysis Upon walking out of Krannert's production of "A Raisin in the Sun," an eerie silence drizzled about the audience as people murmured and slowly shuffled towards the exits. After witnessing such a powerful yet melancholy piece of theater work, words seemed inappropriate. For three hours, "A Raisin in the Sun" encompassed us with racial, economic, and social issues of the 1950s. Swirling portions of humor, disgrace, pride, and sadness into a smooth blend, the play developed many twists and turns that kept the audience and myself completely alert. Throughout the three acts I could feel the audience, as well as myself, totally devoting themselves to the play. But after taking a step back, the play proved to produce much more than tears, gasps, and laughter; it created a new perspective of African American lifestyles in the 1950s. When my father and I first settled in the theater, I immediately scanned the crowd. On the way to the production I envisioned, as superficial as it may seem, an auditorium crammed with African Americans and college students. But to my surprise, the majority of the playhouse flooded with middle‑aged Caucasian people. With suits and dresses on, clearly they were financially well off. On the contrary, I only observed a few African American people. I expected that more African American families would attend a play that pertained so relevantly to their past. Nevertheless, the demographics still posed an interesting point about who goes to these plays. As a side note, I also observed many young children there. I thought this reflected well of the parents/guardians who brought them. It thoroughly proved to me that adults willingly want to teach their children, whether they... ...n in the 1950s. Sure, I studied the 1950's racial problems in grammar school, but it was a thoroughly different experience when told as an appalling story of discrimination. Noting the difference between my father and I, it clearly shows how times have changed for the better in our society. Overall, "A Raisin in the Sun" affected me in an enormously positive way. The contents of this essay do not even touch what the real experience was like. It not only provided an insight into a family's life in the 1950s, but also shaped a window into their personal lives. Spanning over only a couple of weeks, the play powerfully dove into the details and drama of the Younger's lives. With talented theatrical performances and a wonderful script, "A Raisin in the Sun" gave the audience much more than just an insight into the lives of African Americans, it let the audience live it.

Huck Finn

Through Huck’s many adventures, his sense of morality plays a large role in the decisions he makes as well as the relationships he builds with others. Huck’s decisions and actions have the ability to change the lives of those around him; his sense of morality influences his choices, thus leading him to many difficult situations with others. By the time that Huck decides that he is going to follow his heart and save Jim instead of turning him in, his moral development is at an increase, as opposed to his morality in the beginning of the novel.Though his intentions for saving Jim are not completely genuine, he makes the upstanding decision to save Jim and exemplifies his change of heart. Huck displays his nonconformity to the society around him by considering Jim as a friend and not as an insignificant slave. After Huck has found Jim imprisoned at the Phelps’s farm and has encountered Tom, Huck changes in his morality, causing him to make wrong and right decisions that affect lives around him.From when Huck decides to follow his heart and save Jim, the basis of Huck’s moral development grows, but under many circumstances Huck succumbs to Tom’s naivety and unethical choices, thus hindering the progression of his moral growth. The basis of Huck’s morality is developing, but under Tom’s influence Huck slowly loses his grasp on morality and submits to many of Huck’s wrongful ideas. Huck at times shows his morality by making the â€Å"right† decisions in many circumstances, but when following Tom in Tom’s plans, Huck caves into Tom’s devious, immoral, adventure seeking ideas that causes trouble for the Phelps as well as himself.Huck possesses a desire to follow his heart to help Jim as he leaves for Silas Phelps’ farm, and the basis of that wish to be moral persists and influences a few of his actions in dealing with the Phelps: â€Å"Laws knows I wanted to go, bad enough, to see abou t Tom, and all was intending to go, but after that, I wouldn’t a went, not for kingdoms† (350). Huck’s basis of morality still exists even through Tom’s influence. Huck chooses the right decision to stay and keep Aunt Sally from becoming even more sorrowful.Though he knows that Tom is waiting for him, Huck stays not for the benefit of himself, but for Aunt Sally, because he sympathizes for her. Huck’s moral development progresses when not in the presence of Tom’s manipulative words, but when he is around Tom’s influence, Huck gives into falling under the impression of Tom’s ideals and ridiculous, immoral schemes. Huck considers Tom an authoritative, knowledgeable figure and follows Tom in many of Tom’s unreasonable, unethical acts regardless of the negative circumstances Huck knows will undergo: â€Å"’Now you’re talking! I says; ‘Your head gets leveler and leveler all the time, Tom Sawyer,’ I says. ‘Picks is the thing, moral or no moral; and as for me, I don’t care shucks for the morality of it nohow† (307). Tom finds it very important that they make Jim’s escape from bondage an adventure, hence Tom and Huck must steal, life, and cheat to make their somewhat simple situation adventuresome. Huck steals the Phelps’s family’s picks, and disregards the fact that what he is doing is immoral because he is lost in the desire to free Jim out with Tom.Huck relishes in the fact that Tom is helping him and putts of his morality for adventure. Huck acknowledges the fact that stealing the picks is immoral and wrong, but is so caught up with working with Tom that he gives up on morality. Tom’s negative influence over Huck succeeds him to the end of the novel, in which Huck completely loses his sense of moral development. By the end of the novel, after Jim has been emancipated and Huck and Tom are both out of trouble, Huck’s outlook on morality changes and his moral development completely regresses and plans to regress in his subsequent journey.Having been exposed to the influences of Tom and after realizing that after the trouble they cause, that everything results in a trouble free situation with no negative circumstances, Huck feels as if his immorality is acceptable. Jim endures much unnecessary trouble to be released from imprisonment just because of Tom’s whimsical wants and desires; Jim is treated by Huck and Tom as if his life is a trivial game that is intended for their enjoyment.Jim is not treated as a real human being, but is treated as if he were a lesser person, yet Huck is content with how everything turns out: â€Å"But I reckoned it was about as well the way it was† (360). Tom and Huck’s actions and motives to release Jim from imprisonment are completely immoral, but the fact that everything turns out satisfactory, Huck overlooks the importance of morality. Huck loses all r espect for Jim as a human being, and almost considers Jim a slave again and not as a friend.Tom degrades Jim by giving him forty dollars, the same price in which Jim was sold for, in exchange for Jim’s cooperation in Tom’s fun and games; Huck gives Tom silent approval, and doesn’t object to Tom’s act of immorality. Emerson said that a great man keeps his independence and own opinions, and doesn’t conform to the ways of society. Throughout the novel, Huck has shown much self-reliance and assertiveness in his own opinions and values. By the end of the novel, Huck is not the great man that Emerson describes.Though Huck can stand strong on his ideas and desires independently, he conforms to the ideals of society, Tom, by the end of the novel. Before Huck encounters Tom on the Phelps’s farm, he sticks true to his beliefs and his heart’s desires, yet after spending a great deal of time with Tom, he loses his values and his morals under the influence of Tom. Thus Huck is unable to not conform to those around him, therefore unable to be a â€Å"great man† in the eyes of Emerson. Huck Finn Through Huck’s many adventures, his sense of morality plays a large role in the decisions he makes as well as the relationships he builds with others. Huck’s decisions and actions have the ability to change the lives of those around him; his sense of morality influences his choices, thus leading him to many difficult situations with others. By the time that Huck decides that he is going to follow his heart and save Jim instead of turning him in, his moral development is at an increase, as opposed to his morality in the beginning of the novel.Though his intentions for saving Jim are not completely genuine, he makes the upstanding decision to save Jim and exemplifies his change of heart. Huck displays his nonconformity to the society around him by considering Jim as a friend and not as an insignificant slave. After Huck has found Jim imprisoned at the Phelps’s farm and has encountered Tom, Huck changes in his morality, causing him to make wrong and right decisions that affect lives around him.From when Huck decides to follow his heart and save Jim, the basis of Huck’s moral development grows, but under many circumstances Huck succumbs to Tom’s naivety and unethical choices, thus hindering the progression of his moral growth. The basis of Huck’s morality is developing, but under Tom’s influence Huck slowly loses his grasp on morality and submits to many of Huck’s wrongful ideas. Huck at times shows his morality by making the â€Å"right† decisions in many circumstances, but when following Tom in Tom’s plans, Huck caves into Tom’s devious, immoral, adventure seeking ideas that causes trouble for the Phelps as well as himself.Huck possesses a desire to follow his heart to help Jim as he leaves for Silas Phelps’ farm, and the basis of that wish to be moral persists and influences a few of his actions in dealing with the Phelps: â€Å"Laws knows I wanted to go, bad enough, to see abou t Tom, and all was intending to go, but after that, I wouldn’t a went, not for kingdoms† (350). Huck’s basis of morality still exists even through Tom’s influence. Huck chooses the right decision to stay and keep Aunt Sally from becoming even more sorrowful.Though he knows that Tom is waiting for him, Huck stays not for the benefit of himself, but for Aunt Sally, because he sympathizes for her. Huck’s moral development progresses when not in the presence of Tom’s manipulative words, but when he is around Tom’s influence, Huck gives into falling under the impression of Tom’s ideals and ridiculous, immoral schemes. Huck considers Tom an authoritative, knowledgeable figure and follows Tom in many of Tom’s unreasonable, unethical acts regardless of the negative circumstances Huck knows will undergo: â€Å"’Now you’re talking! I says; ‘Your head gets leveler and leveler all the time, Tom Sawyer,’ I says. ‘Picks is the thing, moral or no moral; and as for me, I don’t care shucks for the morality of it nohow† (307). Tom finds it very important that they make Jim’s escape from bondage an adventure, hence Tom and Huck must steal, life, and cheat to make their somewhat simple situation adventuresome. Huck steals the Phelps’s family’s picks, and disregards the fact that what he is doing is immoral because he is lost in the desire to free Jim out with Tom.Huck relishes in the fact that Tom is helping him and putts of his morality for adventure. Huck acknowledges the fact that stealing the picks is immoral and wrong, but is so caught up with working with Tom that he gives up on morality. Tom’s negative influence over Huck succeeds him to the end of the novel, in which Huck completely loses his sense of moral development. By the end of the novel, after Jim has been emancipated and Huck and Tom are both out of trouble, Huck’s outlook on morality changes and his moral development completely regresses and plans to regress in his subsequent journey.Having been exposed to the influences of Tom and after realizing that after the trouble they cause, that everything results in a trouble free situation with no negative circumstances, Huck feels as if his immorality is acceptable. Jim endures much unnecessary trouble to be released from imprisonment just because of Tom’s whimsical wants and desires; Jim is treated by Huck and Tom as if his life is a trivial game that is intended for their enjoyment.Jim is not treated as a real human being, but is treated as if he were a lesser person, yet Huck is content with how everything turns out: â€Å"But I reckoned it was about as well the way it was† (360). Tom and Huck’s actions and motives to release Jim from imprisonment are completely immoral, but the fact that everything turns out satisfactory, Huck overlooks the importance of morality. Huck loses all r espect for Jim as a human being, and almost considers Jim a slave again and not as a friend.Tom degrades Jim by giving him forty dollars, the same price in which Jim was sold for, in exchange for Jim’s cooperation in Tom’s fun and games; Huck gives Tom silent approval, and doesn’t object to Tom’s act of immorality. Emerson said that a great man keeps his independence and own opinions, and doesn’t conform to the ways of society. Throughout the novel, Huck has shown much self-reliance and assertiveness in his own opinions and values. By the end of the novel, Huck is not the great man that Emerson describes.Though Huck can stand strong on his ideas and desires independently, he conforms to the ideals of society, Tom, by the end of the novel. Before Huck encounters Tom on the Phelps’s farm, he sticks true to his beliefs and his heart’s desires, yet after spending a great deal of time with Tom, he loses his values and his morals under the influence of Tom. Thus Huck is unable to not conform to those around him, therefore unable to be a â€Å"great man† in the eyes of Emerson. Huck Finn Superstition and Religion in The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn In the novel, The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, written by Mark Twain, superstition is used throughout the story. Mark Twain uses superstition to show the difference between an organized religion, such as Christianity, and believing in superstition. As Huckleberry Finn and Jim escape to freedom from civilized living and slavery, religion and superstition have a strong effect on them. As they go back and forth between the two faiths, the reader gets an idea of the system of beliefs that people followed living along the Mississippi River.Belief in the supernatural and superstition are the marks of many characters in the storyline. It is Jim and Huck’s shared belief in superstitions that originally draws them together. Jim and Huck explain things using superstition that they cannot otherwise explain. It is possible that the novel parodies religion by comparing it to superstition, since some characters take advantag e of both belief systems to influence and mislead. Most often, superstitions are used as an attempt to explain why bad things happen.When a character has something good happen, most likely religion takes credit for that positive outcome. When someone is punished, or something terrible happens, it is a lot more comforting to put the blame on superstition. Religion, as defined in the Merriam-Webster Dictionary Online, is defined as â€Å"a personal set or institutionalized system of religious attitudes, beliefs, and practices† and â€Å"the service and worship of God or the supernatural: commitment or devotion to religious faith or observance† or â€Å"a cause, principal or system of beliefs held to with ardor and faith†.Superstition, as defined in the Merriam-Webster Dictionary Online, is defined as â€Å"a belief or practice resulting from ignorance, fear of the unknown, trust in magic or chance, or false conception of causation† and â€Å"an irrational abject attitude of mind toward the supernatural, nature, or God resulting from superstition†. Both notions are used throughout The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn , in some cases they do not seem to be equivalent to their particular definitions. The question that resides in the core of this novel is â€Å"How is superstition and religion used in the Adventures of Huckleberry Finn and what defines their meaning?Later on in chapter one, Huck is alone in his room watching a spider crawl up his shoulder. Huck flips the spider off and it falls into the candle, shriveling up and dying. Huck says, â€Å"I didn’t need anybody to tell me that that was an awful bad sin and would fetch me some bad luck, so I was scared and most shook the clothes off of me. I got up and turned around in my tracks three times and crossed my breast every time: and when I tied up a little lock of my hair with a thread to keep witches away. But I hadn’t no confidence. Huck shows us his supersti tions and his belief in them. These beliefs have been ingrained in him from his father, Pap. In chapter four, Huck turns over the salt-cellar at breakfast. When he goes to throw some of the salt over his left shoulder, Miss Watson stepped in and crossed him off. She tells him to take his hands away and to stop making a mess. The widow Douglas puts in a good word for Huck, but he feels that it will not be enough to ward off the bad luck. After the salt spilling, Huck was feeling worried and shaky and wondering what bad luck would befall him.Since he was unable to perform his ritual, (throwing the salt over his left shoulder) he felt he had to be on the lookout all day. It seems as though Huck’s views on superstition revolve around bad luck more so than good. Huck blames bad happenings on superstition, while good happenings are â€Å"natural† or have been earned in some way. Huck doesn’t trust religion to explain life’s negatives, so he uses his belief in t he supernatural. Huck finds tracks in the snow in chapter 4, a boot print with a cross in the left boot-heel made with big nails, to ward off the devil.He finds the footprints all around then and he follows them, before it struck him who they belonged to. Pap had been checking on Huck and was watching him. This is when the reader finds out that Jim isn’t the only source of Huck’s superstitions beliefs. Some of the superstitions that Huck follows have been passed on to him from his father. Huck uses superstition to justify and explain why some bad events happen. Take the situation with the rattlesnake, Huck thinks to himself, â€Å"We didn’t say a word for a good while. There warn’t anything to say.We both knowed well enough it was some more work of the rattlesnake-skin; so what was the use to talk about it? It would only look like we was finding fault, and that would be bound to fetch more bad luck – and keep on fetching it, too, till we knowed en ough to keep still. Both Jim and Huck continue to expect bad luck because of the rattlesnake skin that Huck touched. In chapter one, the Widow and Miss Watson try to teach Huck about religion. They try to teach him all about heaven and hell. They explain to him that the things you do on earth will decide where you go after death.Huck inevitably decides that since Tom wasn’t going to the good place, he didn’t care to go there either. Huck treats the philosophies of heaven and hell impartially and seems to be a bit immature about the whole idea. All Huck knows is that he does not want to be lonely and he wants to be with his friend, Tom Sawyer. In chapter two, Ben Rogers says that he could not get out much, only on Sundays so Tom Sawyer’s gang could begin then. Surprisingly, all the boys said that it would be wicked to do such a thing on Sunday, as it is a holy day.The interesting part of this logic is that the boys don’t care much about being in a gang, st ealing, or murdering, yet they care enough not to do it on a holy day. In Huck’s case, he seems to care more about the smaller issue of not starting a gang on a holy day, yet does not care much of bigger issues such as heaven and hell, or Noah and the Bulrushers. In chapter 3, Huck is sitting alone in the woods trying to figure out the logistics of religion. He wonders about prayer and how it works.He thinks to himself, â€Å"if a body can get anything they pray for, why don’t Deacon Winn get back the money he lost on pork? Why can’t the widow get back her snuffbox that was stole? Why can’t Miss Watson fat up? † After Miss Watson tells him that he must help people, do everything he could for others, and never think of himself, Huck decides that he does not see any advantage to living that way. He debates over every part of religion and does not accept it all just because it’s part of the whole. He chooses what he does and does not believe, a nd doesn’t look at it as all or nothing.Huck’s view on religion starts to evolve in chapter eighteen. He thinks to himself, â€Å"If you notice, most folks don’t go to church only when they’ve got to: but a hog is different. † Huck starts to realize that people just use religion when it’s good for them. He sees that people use religion to manipulate and get what they want. The Grangerfords and the Shepherdsons sit in church together. Mark Twain shows us how extraordinarily important religion in the South is during this era. The only time that the Grangerfords and Shepherdsons don’t fight is during their time at church.They view their religious gatherings as a common ground and their respect for religion is the only thing that quiets their feud. Huck is perplexed at how these two families can live in the Christian way by following the church and the bible; yet continue to kill each other. Huck sees the king use religion as a tool of de ception. While the king is pretending to be Harvey Wilks’, He tells the town about his congregation in England and how they were sweet on him and he must hurry and settle the estate right away and then leave for home.Again, Huck sees religion being used to manipulate and control people. Although Huck is bombarded with superstitious beliefs and religion, he chooses to go on his own path. He weighs each piece of information he gets and decides to take it all for what it is. Huck believes in different parts of each belief system. Though Huck feels that organized religion is stifling, he still clings to it in his times of despair and uses it as a comfort mechanism. When all is said and done, Huck searches for what is right in his heart and he considers all possibilities, and in the end chooses his own moral code. Huck Finn Daved Najarian American literature II 9:00am Huck, The Duke and Pinocchio One of the primary themes Mark Twain uses throughout The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn is that of deception. Twain uses many forms and styles of deception not only to illustrate varying degrees of it, but also to draw a distinction between morally permissible and morally corrupt lies. Twain introduces different forms of deception brought about by a myriad of catalysts. Throughout the book, Twain uses Huck, the Duke and the King to compare and contrast different forms of lying, and to illustrate how context plays a large role in the moral weight of a deception.By portraying each of these characters actions and reactions to their environment, Twain is able to explore the moral importance of familiar circumstances. Huck takes on a more innocent and playful approach to deception and only uses morally weighted lies as a means to protect. While the Duke plays with good intentions, too often the end goals of his dece ptions are for monetary gain. Finally the King is presented as possessing little redeeming quality and is by far the most morally corrupt of the characters. Huck seems to primarily formulate deceptions in two circumstances throughout the novel.The first of these is for an innocent, or even jestful reason, with little or no mal-intent. The second of these is the use of a deception in a more serious manner, but generally used only to preserve the wellbeing of Jim or himself. Unlike the more serious and character damaging lies of the King and the Duke, Huck’s deceptions are, for the most part, spur of the moment rather than premeditated. Towards the beginning of the adventure, Huck seems to deceive for relatively harmless reasons. When Huck goes ashore dressed as a girl to attain town gossip, he lies about who he is, but the moral implications of this lie are slight.He has no malicious motive in mind, and is â€Å"taking advantage† of the newcomers for information alone. In this scene, Huck is very nervous and un-savvy of his character, which leads to him being caught in his deception. Although Huck uses lavish deceptions he is still relatively novice at it, and for this reason his lies depend heavily on the intended victims perception and relationship to him. These sorts of lies seem to represent a sort of â€Å"game† to Huck and he is accordingly unaware of their effects on others. When Huck plays a trick on Jim these effects become apparent. â€Å"Well, this is too many for me, Jim.I hain't seen no fog, nor no islands, nor no troubles, nor nothing. † When Huck tricks Jim into thinking he dreamt up a whole night of troubles, he holds no ill intent. Like his â€Å"girl deception† this lie takes advantage of Jim for his own lighthearted enjoyment, and not for material benefit. Through this depiction, Twain illustrates that it is not just the content of a lie but the intended recipient that determines its moral severity. Once Huc k realizes the effects of this style of fib and the repercussions of tricking those close to him, he discontinues it for the rest of the novel.The second form of deception in Huck’s arsenal is a sort of â€Å"deception for preservation†. The first time Huck lies in this manner is to avoid a dangerous situation with Pap. When Pap awakes to find Huck sleeping with a gun, Huck is quick to fabricate a story about a potential intruder he was â€Å"laying for†. The purpose of this form of a lie is clearly self-preservation, and unlike Huck’s other form of deception, it is brought about by necessity and is spur the moment. Huck uses this level of deception throughout the adventure and therefore gains a mastery of it.Twain seems to suggest that Huck’s circumstances justify some of his lies and deception, playing with the notion of â€Å"necessary lies† Huck is in many ways â€Å"forced† into situations where a lie becomes necessary to preserv e a life. As Huck and Jim grow as friends Huck not only is unable to turn Jim in, but finds himself fabricating elaborate deceptions to keep him safe. In one scene in particular, Huck uses â€Å"reverse psychology† to trick men into believing he wants help on the raft when in fact he wants the opposite. â€Å"I will, sir, I will, honest – but don't leave us, please.It's the – the – Gentlemen, if you'll only pull ahead, and let me heave you the headline, you won't have to come a-near the raft – please do. † In this encounter, Huck is able to create the illusion that he is desperate for help; with a sub lie that those aboard the raft are ill with small pox. What is important to recognize here, is that this level of lie is to protect Jim (and himself) from the greed of slave hunters, not to gain additional benefit from them. Most of the deception created by Huck is simply to maintain the status quo.Huck and Jim do not wish to gain anything mate rial from others but simply want to be left alone. Unlike the King and Duke who look ashore to interact and take with deceit, Huck and Jim lie to distance themselves from those on shore. Twain compares and contrasts the King and the Duke from the moment of their arrival. â€Å"These liars warn't no kings nor dukes, at all, but just low-down humbugs and frauds. † Although Huck sees through the King and Duke’s lies right away, there is importance and foreshadowing in their first deception.The very fact that the King places himself higher than the Duke with an outlandish introduction, â€Å"Bilgewater, I am the late Dauphin! † foreshadows that the King is the worse of the two con men. Throughout the trip the Duke utilizes two forms of deception, the first of which focuses on the betterment of the group as a whole. This is illustrated by his attempts to make it easier for them to â€Å"run during the day† rather than the shadow of night. This lie involved the faking of Jim’s capture and deception of reward seeking in order to avoid the attention of others.Like Huck, this lie helps to protect the group but unlike Huck it involves premeditation and a change in the status quo. While Huck lies to protect Jim rather than for selfish intent, the Duke does not. The second form or level of deception the Duke emphasizes is the fabrication of legitimacy to his illegitimate forms of entertainment. In the end, these attempts are commendable but pathetic, â€Å"To be, or not to be; that is the bare bodkin that makes calamity of so long life†.Although many of the Dukes offerings (such as Shakespeare) tender some level of legitimacy, his back-story and quality of performance are shrouded with deception. What differentiates these lies from others is the emphasis on greed; as the end goal of the Duke’s deceptions often-involved monetary gain and taking from others. Twain paints the King as not only less intelligent than the Duke, bu t also more cruel. As the tale progresses the King’s lies and deception escalate from a moral grey area to out right. From the start, the Kings lies target the innocent, ignorant, and emotionally compromised.In contrast to the Duke, the King’s first performance takes advantage of the kind and empathetic attendees at a religious gathering. From this point on the King’s greed is insatiable, and his lust for money and material goods causes him to be irrational. The King gets so lie crazy at one point that he even lies about lying about who took the gold, saying that he took it, â€Å"‘Nough! – I OWN UP! † These deceptions finally peak during the Wilks’ impersonation when the King is unsatisfied with the $6,000 and wants to sell the girl’s properties.While many of the Duke’s stunts were simply to get by, the King lets his greed completely overwhelm his character. The intellectually superior Duke even looks to get out of the l ong con while they still can, but he is talked back in to it by the King and his greed. Twain uses this character to not only illustrate how, â€Å"One can become the company they keep,† (as all were dragged into the con), but that greed can turn most men to sin. The lies and deceptions portrayed in The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn introduce ethical and moral issues that are relevant to the reader.Twain does an excellent job of utilizing context to explore the morality of deception. By exploring intent and the inner workings of Huck, the Duke and the King, Twain is able to illustrate how lies can be permissible or damning. The concept of â€Å"necessary lies† carries a great deal of weight when analyzing the morality of a deception, and Twain uses the ethical framework of Utilitarianism to justify this. For Twain is seems as though the morality of a lie is tied to the consequence of that lie, rather than the lie itself.Rather than making deception universally â€Å" wrong†, Twain leaves the door open for moral interpretation. Twain suggests, that by looking at the result of a lie and who is affected, one can determine the â€Å"rightness† or â€Å"wrongness† of that particular lie. The ethical framework of utilitarianism of course brings with it a slue of objections, however; in the context the novel it is intuitive. The most â€Å"morally corrupt lie† in the text negatively effects the largest number of people, whereas many of Huck’s lies positively effect Jim or himself and carry little negative effect to others.The King’s Wilks impersonation, along with others, affected not just those that survived the deceased but the entire town. These â€Å"large scale† deceptions clearly would be considered morally corrupt by Utilitarians; whereas many of Huck’s lies were small scale and produced the smallest ripples. Twain masterfully incorporates ethics into a realistic story, resulting in this mul ti-layered tale. ——————————————– [ 1 ]. pg. 122 [ 2 ]. pg. 166 [ 3 ]. pg. 165 [ 4 ]. 182 [ 5 ]. 276

Understanding Soft Power in U.S. Foreign Policy

Understanding Soft Power in U.S. Foreign Policy Soft power is a term used to describe a nations use of co-operative programs and monetary aide to persuade other nations to ascribe to its policies. With U.S. State Department budget cuts likely in the wake of the August 2, 2011 debt ceiling deal, many observers expect soft-power programs to suffer. Origin of the Phrase "Soft Power" Dr. Joseph Nye, Jr., a noted foreign policy scholar, and practitioner coined the phrase soft power in 1990. Nye has served as the Dean of the Kennedy School of Government at Harvard; Chairman of the National Intelligence Council; and Assistant Secretary of Defense in Bill Clintons administration. He has written and lectured extensively on the idea and usage of soft power. Nye describes soft power as the ability to get what you want through attraction rather than through coercion. He sees strong relations with allies, economic assistance programs, and vital cultural exchanges as examples of soft power. Obviously, soft power is the opposite of hard power. Hard power includes the more noticeable and predictable power associated with military force, coercion, and intimidation. One of the main objectives of foreign policy is to get other nations to adopt your policy goals as their own. Soft power programs can often influence that without the expense- in people, equipment, and munitions- and animosity that military power can create. Examples of Soft Power The classic example of American soft power is the Marshall Plan. After World War II, the United States pumped billions of dollars into war-ravaged western Europe to prevent it from falling to the influence of the Communist Soviet Union. The Marshall Plan included humanitarian aid, such as food and medical care; expert advice for rebuilding destroyed infrastructures, such as transportation and communication networks and public utilities; and outright monetary grants. Educational exchange programs, such as President Obamas 100,000 Strong initiative with China, are also an element of soft power and so are all varieties of disaster assistance programs, such as flood control in Pakistan; earthquake relief in Japan and Haiti; tsunami relief in Japan and India; and famine relief in the Horn of Africa. Nye also sees American cultural exports, such as movies, soft drinks, and fast-food chains, as an element of soft power. While those also include the decisions of many private American businesses, U.S. international trade and business policies enable those cultural exchanges to occur. Cultural exchanges repeatedly impress foreign nations with the freedom and openness of U.S. business and communication dynamics. The Internet, which reflects American freedom of expression, is also a soft power. President Obamas administration has reacted harshly to attempts of some nations to curb the Internet to eliminate the influence of dissidents, and they readily point to the effectiveness of social media in encouraging the rebellions of Arab Spring. As such, Obama recently introduced his International Strategy for Cyberspace. Budget Problems for Soft Power Programs? Nye has seen a decline in the United States use of soft power since 9/11. The wars of Afghanistan and Iraq and the Bush Doctrines use of preventive warfare and unilateral decision making have all eclipsed the value of soft power in the minds of people at home and abroad. Given that perception, budget woes make it likely that the U.S. State Department- coordinator of most of Americas soft power programs- will take another financial hit. The State Department already suffered $8 billion in cuts to the remainder of its FY 2011 budget in April 2011 when the president and Congress made a deal to avoid a government shutdown. The August 2, 2011, debt ceiling deal which they reached to avoid a debt default calls for $2.4 trillion in spending cuts over by 2021; that amounts to $240 billion in cuts each year. Soft power supporters fear that, because military spending became so predominant in the 2000s, and because the State Department accounts for only 1% of the federal budget, it will likely be an easy target for cuts.

What Is AP International Diploma Do You Need One

What Is AP International Diploma Do You Need One SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips The College Board’s AP program is recognized by colleges around the world. In addition to taking individual AP classes, students who are interested in attending school in another country can potentially earn the AP International Diploma. In this article, I’ll tell you what the AP Diploma is, how you can get it, and whether it’s worthwhile for you! What Is an AP International Diploma? The AP International Diploma (APID) is an award for students who have taken AP Exams and classes in high school and are interested in attending college abroad.The College Board offers this award because it's a more succinct way for colleges outside of a student's home country to assess performance in the AP program overall.The APID indicates that a student has successfully completed a well-rounded AP curriculum.It's also a way for the College Board's AP program to compete more directly with the IB program. You might think about shooting for an APDiploma if you’re a student in the US planning to apply to universities in other countries or if you’re an international student planning to apply to universities in the US.The APID indicates that a student has demonstrated excellence across a variety of subject areas within the AP curriculum.You don’t need to apply for the APID; it’s automatically awarded if you meet the requirements, which I will go over in the next section. How Can You Earn an AP International Diploma? To fulfill the requirements for the APID, you will need to take at least five AP Exams and earn a score of 3 or higher on all of them.You’ll have to take some specific types of AP courses to meet the APID standards. The first requirement is either two AP Exams in world language and culture or two AP Exams with one world language and culture course and one English course.For example, you could take the Spanish Language and Culture course and the French Language and Culture course.If you’re not taking two languages, you could take the English Literature and Composition course as a substitute for one of the language courses.Keep in mind that you can’t meet this requirement with two world language and culture courses that focus on the same language.Taking Spanish Language and Culture and Spanish Literature and Culture wouldn’t fulfill the requirement. The second APID requirement is one AP Exam that (surprise, surprise) emphasizes an international perspective.Classes you can use to fulfill this requirement include: World History Human Geography Comparative Government and Politics Art History Environmental Science Macroeconomics The third requirement is an AP Exam in either the sciences or math and computer science.Classes you can use to fulfill this requirement include: Calculus AB Calculus BC Computer Science A Statistics Biology Chemistry Environmental Science Physics 1 Physics 2 Physics C: Electricity and Magnetism Physics C: Mechanics The last requirement is one additional AP Exam in a class of your choice.The only stipulation is that it can’t be an English or world language course. AP Psychology, AP U.S. History, and AP Music Theory are all examples of classes you could use to fulfill this requirement.Your choices will partially depend on which classes you decide to take for the other requirements. Here's an example of a set of five classes that would fulfill the requirements for the APID: Spanish Language and Culture English Literature and Composition World History Biology Psychology One exam can’t fulfill two requirements even if it fits into multiple categories.Environmental Science would be an acceptable class for both the second and third requirements, but you wouldn’t be able to take it and say that you’ve completed both of them.You would need to choose another class from one of the two lists to meet the APID standards.If you end up retaking any of your AP tests because you didn’t score a 3 or higher the first time, your highest score will be counted towards the diploma. For the International Diploma, only your peak performance on each AP exam will count! Should You Get an AP International Diploma? First off, you should consider whether the college where you’re applying recognizes AP classes in the admission process.You can search universities all over the world on this page to see whether they will accept AP Exams and classes as markers of academic achievement.At German universities, for example, candidates who have earned AP Exam scores of 3 or higher on four or five tests are admitted, provided they meet the specific requirements for their area of study.If you’re an international student and are applying to college in the US, it’s almost certain that the schools you choose will recognize your achievements in the AP program. Even if the school you’re interested in recognizes APs, the AP International Diploma may not do a whole lot to improve your chances of acceptance on its own.Colleges care about how many AP classes students have taken, and the APID requirements are a good way to keep yourself on track with taking APs in a variety of different subject areas.However, a student who is particularly interested in the sciences might take 5 AP classes without earning the APID because they took two science classes instead of a science class and an international perspective class.That student won’t look much different in the eyes of colleges from another student who took the same number of APs but did manage to fulfill the requirements for the APID. For example, German universities have different sets of AP requirements that don’t align exactly with the APID requirements and will vary depending on your major. In this case, you would want to avoid just going for the APID and pay closer attention to the specific policies.The AP Diploma represents a well-balanced collection of AP classes and a high level of achievement, but it’s not going to make or break your application. If you take five or more AP classes and earn high scores on the exams, but you don’t fulfill the APID requirements, you won’t be any worse off than a student who does.But if you’ve only taken three or four AP classes and need one or two more to fulfill the requirements, you might consider going for the Diploma.Having a concrete goal will make it easier to stay motivated and choose a well-rounded course schedule. That being said, you might go to a high school where only three or four AP classes are offered, and that’s ok.Focus on earning high grades and challenging yourself as much as possible with difficult classes.A strong course record for an international student doesn’t necessarily have to include the APID, but it should include as many APs and other high-level classes as possible that are relevant to your areas of interest. One pencil for each AP class! (Just kidding, don't actually take 25 AP classes. Yes, I counted the pencils; please take your judgments elsewhere.) Conclusion The AP International Diploma is an award for students who plan on applying to colleges outside of their home country. To earn the APID, you must take five AP Exams in certain specified subject areas and earn scores of 3 or higher on all of them. The APID shows colleges that you’ve challenged yourself with difficult courses in high school, but the award itself probably won’t make a huge difference in your application.Taking five or more AP courses (if they’re available at your school) and scoring well on the exams is a great way to make a positive impression on colleges regardless of whether your schedule meets APID guidelines. What's Next? Curious about other international diploma programs? Learn more about the Advanced International Certificate of Education (AICE), created through Cambridge University in England. If you're working on planning your schedule,this guide will help you decidewhich AP classes to take. Read this article for more information about how difficult AP classes and exams will be for you. Want to improve your SAT score by 240 points or your ACT score by 4 points?We've written a guide for each test about the top 5 strategies you must be using to have a shot at improving your score. Download it for free now: